ASTM C146 : 94a(2014)

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Glass Sand

Standard Details

1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of glass sands. They are useful for either high-silica sands (99 % + silica (SiO₂)) or for high-alumina sands containing as much as 12 to 13 % alumina (Al₂O₃). Generally nonclassical, the test methods are rapid and accurate. They include the determination of silica and of total R₂O₃ (see 11.2.4), and the separate determination of total iron as iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), titania (TiO₂), chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), zirconia (ZrO₂), and ignition loss. Included are procedures for the alkaline earths and alkalies. High-alumina sands may contain as much as 5 to 6 % total alkalies and alkaline earths. It is recommended that the alkalies be determined by flame photometry and the alkaline earths by absorption spectrophotometry.

1.2 These test methods, if followed in detail, will provide interlaboratory agreement of results.

Note 1: For additional information, see Test Methods C169 and Practices E50.

1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:

Procedures for Referee Analysis:	Section

Silica (SiO₂)—Double Dehydration	10
Total R₂O₃—Gravimetric	11
Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, ZrO₂, Cr₂O₃, by Photometric Methods and Al₂O₃ by Complexiometric Titration	12 – 17
Preparation of the Sample for Determination of Iron Oxide, Titania, Alumina, and Zirconia	12
Iron Oxide (as Fe₂O₃) by 1,10-Phenanthroline Method	13
Titania (TiO₂) by the Tiron Method	14
Alumina (Al₂O₃) by the CDTA Titration Method	15
Zirconia (ZrO₂) by the Pyrocatechol Violet Method	16
Chromium Oxide (Cr₂O₃) by the 1,5-Diphenylcarbo- hydrazide Method	17

Procedures for Routine Analysis:

Silica (SiO₂)—Single Dehydration	19
Al₂O₃, CaO, and MgO—Atomic Absorption Spec- trophotometry	20–25
Na₂O and K₂O—Flame Emission Spectrophotometry	26-27
Loss on Ignition (LOI)	28

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.