ASTM E399 : 20a

Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials

Standard Details

1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture toughness (K_Ic and optionally K_Isi) of metallic materials under predominantly linear-elastic, plane-strain conditions using fatigue precracked specimens having a thickness of 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) or greater2 subjected to slowly, or in special (elective) cases rapidly, increasing crack-displacement force. Details of test apparatus, specimen configuration, and experimental procedure are given in the annexes. Two procedures are outlined for using the experimental data to calculate fracture toughness values:

1.1.1 The K_Ic test procedure is described in the main body of this test standard and is a mandatory part of the testing and results reporting procedure for this test method. The K_Ic test procedure is based on crack growth of up to 2 % percent of the specimen width. This can lead to a specimen size dependent rising fracture toughness resistance curve, with larger specimens producing higher fracture toughness results.

1.1.2 The K_Isi test procedure is described in Appendix X1 and is an optional part of this test method. The K_Isi test procedure is based on a fixed amount of crack extension of 0.5 mm, and as a result, K_Isi is less sensitive to specimen size than K_Ic. This less size-sensitive fracture toughness, K_Isi, is called size-insensitive throughout this test method. Appendix X1 contains an optional procedure for reinterpreting the force-displacement test record recorded as part of this test method to calculate the additional fracture toughness value, K_Isi.

Note 1: Plane-strain fracture toughness tests of materials thinner than 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) that are sufficiently brittle (see 7.1) can be made using other types of specimens (1).3 There is no standard test method for such thin materials.

1.2 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general recommendations and requirements for testing and includes specific requirements for the K_Ic test procedure. The second part consists of Annexes that give specific information on displacement gage and loading fixture design, special requirements for individual specimen configurations, and detailed procedures for fatigue precracking. Additional annexes are provided that give specific procedures for beryllium and rapid-force testing, and the K_Isi test procedure, which provides an optional additional analysis procedure for the test data collected as part of the K_Ic test procedure.

1.3 General information and requirements common to all specimen configurations:

	Section
Referenced Documents	2
Terminology	3
Stress-Intensity Factor	3.1.1
Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness	3.1.2
Crack Plane Orientation	3.1.4
Summary of Test Method	4
Significance and Use	5
Significance	5.1
Precautions	5.1.1 – 5.1.5
Practical Applications	5.2
Apparatus (see also 1.4)	6
Tension Machine	6.1
Fatigue Machine	6.2
Loading Fixtures	6.3
Displacement Gage, Measurement	6.4
Specimen Size, Configurations, and Preparation (see also 1.5)	7
Specimen Size Estimates	7.1
Standard and Alternative Specimen Configurations	7.2
Fatigue Crack Starter Notches	7.3.1
Fatigue Precracking (see also 1.6)	7.3.2
Crack Extension Beyond Starter Notch	7.3.2.2
General Procedure	8
Specimen Measurements
Thickness	8.2.1
Width	8.2.2
Crack Size	8.2.3
Crack Plane Angle	8.2.4
Specimen Testing
Loading Rate	8.3
Test Record	8.4
Calculation and Interpretation of Results	9
Test Record Analysis	9.1
P_m_a_x/P_Q Validity Requirement	9.1.3
Specimen Size Validity Requirements	9.1.4
Reporting	10
Precision and Bias	11

1.4 Specific requirements related to test apparatus:

Double-Cantilever Displacement Gage	Annex A1
Testing Fixtures	Annex A2
Bend Specimen Loading Fixture	Annex A2.1
Compact Specimen Loading Clevis	Annex A2.2

1.5 Specific requirements related to individual specimen configurations:

Bend Specimen SE(B)	Annex A3
Compact Specimen C(T)	Annex A4
Disk-Shaped Compact Specimen DC(T)	Annex A5
Arc-Shaped Tension Specimen A(T)	Annex A6
Arc-Shaped Bend Specimen A(B)	Annex A7

1.6 Specific requirements related to special test procedures:

Fatigue Precracking K_Ic and K_Isi Specimens	Annex A8
Hot-Pressed Beryllium Testing	Annex A9
Rapid-Force Testing	Annex A10
Determination of K_Isi	Appendix X1

1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International StandardDetails, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.