ASTM A400 : 69(2012)

1.1 This practice covers the selection of steel bars according to section and to the mechanical properties desired in the part to be produced. This is not a specification for the procurement of steel. Applicable procurement specifications are listed in Section 5.

1.2 Several steel compositions intended for various sections and mechanical property requirements are presented in Tables 1-6. The criteria for placing a steel composition in one of the three general class designations, Classes P, Q, and R (described in Section 4) are as follows:

1.2.1 Classes P and Q should be capable of developing the mechanical properties shown in Tables 1-4 by liquid quenching from a suitable austenitizing temperature, and tempering at 800°F (427°C) or higher. A hardness indicated by tests made at a location shown in Fig. 1, A, B, or C, is taken as evidence that a composition is capable of meeting other equivalent mechanical properties shown in the tables. Normal good shop practices are assumed, with control of austenitizing and tempering temperatures, and mild agitation of the part in the quenching bath.

1.2.2 Class R should be capable of developing the mechanical properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 as hot rolled, by cold drawing, or by cold drawing with additional thermal treatment. The locations for obtaining tension tests are described in 6.2.

1.3 It is not implied that the compositions listed in the tables are the only ones satisfactory for a certain class and mechanical property requirement. Steels with lower alloy contents are often satisfactory through the use of special processing techniques.

1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

TABLE 1 Steels for Moderately Quenched PartsClasses P-1 Through P-7
(Applicable to oil-quenching or equivalent rate of heat-removal.)

Note 1—Steels listed as approved for a certain section or strength may be used for lighter sections and lower strengths.

Note 2—Steel composition numbers correspond to SAE, AISI, or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard grades due to decreased usage.

Note 3—An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISI steel is capable of meeting the same section and strength requirements as the standard steel (see Specification A304), and is the preferred method of specification.

Note 4—Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % or over, or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating, are not recommended for applications involving welding.

^A 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.

^B Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800°F (427°C) or higher.

^C 1 in. = 25.4 mm.

TABLE 2 Steels for Drastically Quenched PartsClasses P-1 Through P-7
(Applicable to water-quenching or equivalent rate of heat-removal See Note 5)

Note 1—Steels listed as approved for heavier sections or higher strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter sections and lower strengths.

Note 2—Steel composition numbers correspond to ASE, AISI, or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard grades due to decreased usage.

Note 3—An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISI steel is capable of meeting the same section and strength requirements as the standard steel (see Specification A304), and is the preferred method of specification.

Note 4—Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % or over, or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating, are not recommended for applications involving welding.

Note 5—Parts made of steel with a carbon content of 0.33 % or higher, where the section is under 1 1/2 in. (38.1 mm) should not be quenched in water without careful exploration for quench-cracking.

^A 1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.

^B Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800°F (427°C) or higher.

^C 1 in. = 25.4 mm.

^D These steels have insufficient hardenability for Class P-4, because of difference in test locations, but are satisfactory for other smaller sizes.

TABLE 3 Steels for Moderately Quenched PartsClasses Q-1 Through Q-7
(Applicable to oil-quenching or equivalent rate of heat-removal.)

Note 1—Steels listed as approved for heavier sections or higher strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter sections and lower strengths.

Note 2—Steel composition numbers correspond to ASE, AISI, or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard grades due to decreased usage.

Note 3—An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISI steel is capable of meeting the same section and strength requirements as the standard steel (see Specification A304), and is the preferred method of specification.

Note 4—Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % or over, or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating, are not recommended for applications involving welding.

General Information

Status : Historical

Standard Type: Main

Document No: ASTM A400 : 69(2012)

Document Year: 1969

Pages: 8

• Section Volume:
• 01.05 Volume 01.05 Steel--Bars, Forgings, Bearing, Chain, Tool

• ICS:
• 77.140.60 Steel bars and rods

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