ASTM D6311 : 98(2009)

Standard Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Selection and Optimization of Sampling Design

Standard Details

1.1 This document provides practical guidance on the selection and optimization of sample designs in waste management sampling activities, within the context of the requirements established by the data quality objectives or other planning process.

1.2 This document (1) provides guidance for selection of sampling designs; (2) outlines techniques to optimize candidate designs; and (3) describes the variables that need to be balanced in choosing the final optimized design.

1.3 The contents of this guide are arranged by section as follows:

1.	Scope

2.	Referenced Documents

3.	Terminology

4.	Significance and Use

5.	Summary of Guide

6.	Factors Affecting Sampling Design Selection
	6.1	Sampling Design Performance Characteristics
	6.2	Regulatory Considerations
	6.3	Project Objectives
	6.4	Knowledge of the Site
	6.5	Physical Sample Issues
	6.6	Communication with the Laboratory
	6.7	Analytical Turn Around Time
	6.8	Analytical Method Constraints
	6.9	Health and Safety
	6.10	Budget/Cost Considerations
	6.11	Representativeness

7.	Initial Design Selection
8.	Optimization Criteria
9.	Optimization Process
	9.2	Practical Evaluation of Design Alternatives
	9.3	Statistical and Cost Evaluation

10.	Final Selection

	Annex A1	Types of Sampling Designs
	A1.1	Commonly Used Sampling Designs
	A1.2	Sampling Design Tools
	A1.3	Combination Sample Designs

Appendix X1. Additional References

Appendix X2. Choosing Analytical Method Based on Variance and Cost

Appendix X3. Calculating the Number of Samples: A Statistical Treatment

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.